What is a Proxy Measure?

##Proxy Measures What is a Proxy Measure? A proxy is an indirect measure of the desired outcome which is itself strongly correlated to that outcome. It is commonly used when direct measures of the outcome are unobservable and/or unavailable. An organization should use a proxy measure when there is little or no data available about the program being implemented, but the outcome the program is designed to influence has an existing and commonly accepted proxy.

This Measure	Is a Proxy for	And can be found
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)	Quality of Life, Standard of Living	Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis has GDP by state & metropolitan statistical area
Unemployment Rate	Economy, Labor Market	Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes regular updates to employment, unemployment and wage data.
Air Quality Index (AQI)	Environmental Quality	The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publishes Air Quality data by city and county.
Infant Deaths (Mortality)	Maternal, Infant & Child Health	The CDC publishes Linked Birth and Infant Death Data with links to local public health agencies
Obesity Rates	Health & Well-being of a community	The CDC publishes Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity: Data, Trends and Maps which can be viewed at the state and city level for many cities
Homicide Rates	Public Safety	Local jurisdictions are the best source for the most current crime data, but the FBI publishes annual reports.
Reading & Math Proficiency Levels	Education Quality	The National Center for Education Statistics publishes proficiency scores on standardized tests for many participating jurisdictions.
General Fund Personnel and Operating Expenses per Capita, FTEs per 1,000 population	Government Operations & Management	Personnel Costs, Operating Costs, and FTE counts are usually available in government budget documents, and population is available through the US Census Bureau